| Luis Gustavo Leandro de Paula |
PhD student, Cranfield University, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, MK43 0AL, Cranfield, UK. | | Vijay Shankar Dwivedi |
Research Fellow, Cranfield University, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, MK43 0AL, Cranfield, UK. | | Hyo-Sang Shin |
Professor, Cranfield University, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, MK43 0AL, Cranfield, UK. and Professor, Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea | | Antonios Tsourdos |
Professor, Cranfield University, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, MK43 0AL, Cranfield, UK. |
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| Abstract:
Over the past decade, autonomous Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft have been increasingly operated in a wide range of applications in both civil and military markets. Nevertheless, shipboard missions represent a notably demanding operational scenario when it comes to the landing procedure. Autonomous solutions must consider complex landing pad dynamics, vessel air wake, wind disturbances, and challenging environmental conditions. This paper presents a review of autonomous landing strategies on naval dynamic targets, covering solutions based on Relative Navigation Systems, Computer Vision, LiDAR, Physical Interfaces, and Robotic Landing Gears. A total of 56 publications were reviewed based on control design, landing platform motion fidelity, hardware requirements on the deck, and test assumptions. Further assessment investigated the autonomous level and landing criteria while comparing the performance of flight-tested control methodologies. Finally, this paper provides an overview of shipboard autonomous landing research and outlines future challenges to expand operations in harsh sea conditions.
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View PDF CEAS-GNC-2024-048