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CEAS EuroGNC 2026

Parallel Transport of a Velocity Frame for Point Mass 3-DOF Lifting Vehicle Modeling

Florian Dietrich Research Engineer, Université Paris Saclay, ONERA, DTIS, 91123, Palaiseau, France.
Ioannis Sarras Research Engineer, Université Paris Saclay, ONERA, DTIS, 91123, Palaiseau, France.
Abstract:
This paper proposes a new formulation for modeling 3-DOF lifting vehicles in Cartesian coordinates. We address the problem of describing the lift force as orthogonal to velocity vector of the vehicle, which is not well-defined in traditional models. In spherical coordinates there is a singularity in vertical flight whereas in Cartesian coordinates, using a reference direction to define the lift vector also introduces a singularity. The proposed approach consists of a moving frame carried along the trajectory by parallel transport, with its first axis remaining co-linear to the velocity vector. The other two vectors are orthogonal to the velocity vector at all time and are used to express the lift force in a well-defined manner. The advantages of this approach are illustrated in the simulation of a simplified vehicle performing a looping.
Keywords: Parallel Transport Frame; Singularities; 3-DOF Models
View PDFCEAS-GNC-2026-001 doi: 10.82124/CEAS-GNC-2026-001


Florian Dietrich, Ioannis Sarras: Parallel Transport of a Velocity Frame for Point Mass 3-DOF Lifting Vehicle Modeling. Proceedings of the 2026 CEAS EuroGNC conference. Madrid, Spain. May 2026. doi: 10.82124/CEAS-GNC-2026-001.
BibTeX entry (UTF-8):

@Incollection{CEAS-GNC-2026-001,
    author = {Dietrich, Florian and Sarras, Ioannis},
    title = {Parallel Transport of a Velocity Frame for Point Mass 3-DOF Lifting Vehicle Modeling},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2026 {CEAS EuroGNC} conference},
    address = {Madrid, Spain},
    month = may,
    year = {2026},
    doi = {10.82124/CEAS-GNC-2026-001}
}