CEAS EuroGNC 2026
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A Reference Model Architecture with Pseudo Control Hedging for Actuator Saturation in Transition Aircraft
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| Sinan Çimen |
Research Associate, University of Stuttgart, Institute of Flight Mechanics and Controls, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. | | Manuel Storrer |
Research Associate, University of Stuttgart, Institute of Flight Mechanics and Controls, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. | | Walter Fichter |
Professor, University of Stuttgart, Institute of Flight Mechanics and Controls, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. |
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| Abstract:
Designing a reference model that produces trajectories reflecting capabilities of the aircraft is crucial for control system design. Fundamentally, it offers two advantages. First, it prevents integrator windup when there is an integral action in the controller. Second, it mitigates actuator saturation and reduces the effect of unachievable commands on other axes, in the case of multi- axis effectors like propellers in a multi-rotor aircraft. Pseudo control hedging (PCH) provides a feedback of the unachieved pseudo controls to the reference model, in order to slow down reference trajectories. Typically, implementation of PCH alters the closed-loop response of the system, since it accounts for not only actuator nonlinearities like saturations, but also the linear dynamics of the actuators. Moreover, in feedforward-feedback control structures, the effect of hedging is not visible in the pseudo control command unless reference model is significantly slower than the controller. In this paper, we propose a PCH structure that is active only in the case of actuator saturations and therefore, does not alter the nominal closed-loop response and does not require the reference model to be slower than the controller. Additionally, we propose a reference model architecture with a novel PCH implementation for a transition aircraft employing a unified control strategy.
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| Keywords: Reference Model; Pseudo Control Hedging; Flight Control; Unified Control |
 View PDF CEAS-GNC-2026-028 doi: 10.82124/CEAS-GNC-2026-028 |
| Sinan Çimen, Manuel Storrer, Walter Fichter: A Reference Model Architecture with Pseudo Control Hedging for Actuator Saturation in Transition Aircraft. Proceedings of the 2026 CEAS EuroGNC conference. Madrid, Spain. May 2026. doi: 10.82124/CEAS-GNC-2026-028.
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| BibTeX entry (UTF-8):
@Incollection{CEAS-GNC-2026-028,
author = {Çimen, Sinan and Storrer, Manuel and Fichter, Walter},
title = {A Reference Model Architecture with Pseudo Control Hedging for Actuator Saturation in Transition Aircraft},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2026 {CEAS EuroGNC} conference},
address = {Madrid, Spain},
month = may,
year = {2026},
doi = {10.82124/CEAS-GNC-2026-028}
}
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